#JournoSafe Resource Hub

What is the #JournoSafe Hub?

The safety of journalists and social communicators affects to the quality of democracy and the right to freedom of expression and access of information. This #JournoSafe Hub collects international standards and other key resources to support the work of those who work on the protection of journalists, in particular for their advocacy work.

What are you going to find on the #JournoSafe Hub?

International Human Rights Standards
Research and Reports
Manuals and Guidelines

1. International Human Rights Standards

The Right of Expression: Starting from the beginning

1.1 International Standards

Title	Author	Year
General Comment No. 37 on the Right of peaceful assembly	Human Rights Committee	2020
General Comment No. 36 on the right to life	Human Rights Committee	2018
Resolution 2222	United Nations Security Council (UNSC)	2015
General Comment No. 34 on freedoms of opinion and expression	Human Rights Committee	2011
International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR)	United Nations General Assembly (UNGA resolution 2200A, XXI)	1976
Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR)	United Nations General Assembly (UNGA 217 A)	1948

1.2. Other international human rights standards framing the safety of journalists

Human Rights Defenders

Title	Author	Year
Declaration on the Right and Responsibility of Individuals, Groups and Organs of Society to Promote and Protect Universally Recognized Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms	United Nations General Assembly (UNGA Resolution A/RES/53/144)	1998
Commentary to the Declaration on human rights defenders: an essential guide to the right to defend human rights	Two Special Rapporteurs on the situation of human rights defenders, Hina Jilani (2000–2008) and Margaret Sekaggya (2008–2014)	2011

Environment

Title	Author	Year
Convention on Access to Information, Public Participation in Decision-Making and Access to Justice in Environmental Matters (Aarhus Convention)	United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE)	1009

Business and Human Rights

Title	Author	Year
UN Guiding Principles Business and Human Rights	UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights, Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights	2011
Convention 190 on Violence and Harassment	International Labour Organization (ILO)	2019

Organised Crime and Corruption

Title	Author	Year
Kyoto Declaration on Advancing Crime Prevention, Criminal Justice and the Rule of Law: Towards the Achievement of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development	United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC)	2021
Istanbul Declaration on Transparency in the Judicial Process and measures for the effective implementation of the Istanbul Declaration	Turkey. Court of Cassation	2020
Resolution 9/1 on Establishment of the Mechanism for the Review of the Implementation of the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime and the Protocols thereto	Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime (UNTOC)	2018
Doha Declaration on Integrating Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice into the Wider United Nations Agenda to Address Social and Economic Challenges and to Promote the Rule of Law at the National and International Levels, and Public Participation	United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC)	1015
UN Global Counter-Terrorism Strategy (A/RES/60/288)	UN Members States	2006

1.3. Safety of journalists: international standards

UN resolutions

Title	Author	Year
https://documents-dds-ny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/G20/260/18/PDF/G2026018.pdf?OpenElement	UN Human Rights Council (UN HRC)	2020
Resolution on the Safety of Journalists and the Issue of Impunity (A/RES/74/157)	UN General Assembly (UNGA)	2019
Resolution on the Safety of Journalists (A/HRC/RES/39/6)	UN Human Rights Council (UN HRC)	2018
UN General Assembly Resolution on the Safety of Journalists and the Issue of Impunity (A/C.3/72/L.35/Rev.1)	UN General Assembly (UNGA)	2017
Resolution on the Safety of Journalists (A/HRC/RES/33/2)	UN Human Rights Council (UN HRC)	2016
Resolution on Safety of Journalists and the Issue of Impunity (A/RES/70/162)	UN General Assembly (UNGA)	2015
http://unscr.com/en/resolutions/2222	UN Security Council (UNSC)	2015
Resolution on Safety of Journalists and the Issue of Impunity (A/RES/69/185)	UN General Assembly (UNGA)	2014
Resolution on the Safety of Journalists (A/HRC/RES/27/5)	UN Human Rights Council (UN HRC)	2014
UN General Assembly Resolution on Safety of Journalists and the Issue of Impunity (A/RES/68/163)	UN General Assembly (UNGA)	2013
Human Rights Council Resolution on the Safety of Journalists (A/HRC/RES/21/12)	UN Human Rights Council (UN HRC)	2012
Resolution S/RES /1738	UN Security Council (UNSC)	2006

UN Reports on the implementation of UN resolutions on the Safety of Journalists

Title	Author	Year
2nd UN Human Rights Council Report 39/23 on the safety of journalists	UN Human Rights Council (UN HRC)	2018
3rd UN Secretary General Report 72/290 on the safety of journalists and the issue of impunity	UN Secretary General	2017
2nd UN Secretary General Report 70/290 on the safety of journalists and the issue of impunity	UN Secretary General	2015
1st UN Secretary General Report 69/268 on the safety of journalists and the issue of impunity	UN Secretary General	2014
1st UN Human Rights Council Report 24/23 on the safety of journalists	UN Human Rights Council (UN HRC)	2013

Other UN texts relevant to the SoJ

Title	Author	Year
Resolution on the promotion, protection and enjoyment of human rights on the Internet (A/HRC/47/L.22)	UN Human Rights Council (UN HRC)	2021
Commentary to the Declaration on human rights defenders: an essential guide to the right to defend human rights	Two Special Rapporteurs on the situation of human rights defenders, Hina Jilani (2000–2008) and Margaret Sekaggya (2008–2014)	2011
Declaration on the Right and Responsibility of Individuals, Groups and Organs of Society to Promote and Protect Universally Recognized Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms. (UNGA Resolution A/RES/53/144)	UN General Assembly (UNGA)	1998

Women

Title	Author	Year
Political declaration on the occasion of the twenty-fifth anniversary of the Fourth World Conference on Women	Commission on the Status of Women	2020
Resolution A/HRC/45/L.46/Rev.1 on promoting, protecting and respecting women’s and girls’ full enjoyment of human rights in humanitarian situations.	UN Human Rights Council (UN HRC)	2020
Resolution 38/5 Accelerating efforts to eliminate violence against women and girls: preventing and responding to violence against women and girls in digital contexts	UN Human Rights Council	2018
General recommendation No. 35 (2017) on gender-based violence against women, updating general recommendation No. 19 (1992)	Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women	2017
Secretary-General’s In-Depth Study on All Forms of Violence against Women	UN Secretary-General	2006
Security Council Resolution 1325 on promoting and protecting the human rights of women and girls in conflict and post-conflict situations	UN Security Council	2000
Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action	UN Member States	1995
Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW)	UN General Assembly (UNGA)	1979

UN Special Rapporteur on Violence against Women, Its Causes and Consequences

Title	Author	Year
Rape as a grave, systematic and widespread human rights violation, a crime and a manifestation of gender–based violence against women and girls, and its prevention (A/HRC/47/26)	UN Special Rapporteur on Violence against Women, Its Causes and Consequences	2021
Violence against women journalists (A/HRC/44/52)	UN Special Rapporteur on Violence against Women, Its Causes and Consequences	2020
25 years in review of the Beijing Platform for Action: contributions of the Platform of independent expert mechanisms on discrimination and violence against women towards its implementation	UN Special Rapporteur on Violence against Women, Its Causes and Consequences	2020

Other UN text relevant to the SoJ

UN Plan of Action

Title	Author	Year
UN Plan of Action on the Safety of Journalists and the Issue of Impunity	UNESCO	2012

SDGs

Title	Author	Year
Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)	UN	2015

UN Special Procedures Reports related to the Safety of Journalists

Special Rapporteur on the promotion and protection of the right to freedom of opinion and expression (FoE)

Title	Author	Year
Reinforcing media freedom and the safety of journalists in the digital age (A/HRC/50/29)	Special Rapporteur on the promotion and protection of the right to freedom of opinion and expression (FoE)	2022
The protection of journalists and media freedom (A/HRC/20/17)	Special Rapporteur on the promotion and protection of the right to freedom of opinion and expression (FoE)	2012
Groups in need of attention, limitations to the right to freedom of expression, and protection of journalists (A/HRC/14/23)	Special Rapporteur on the promotion and protection of the right to freedom of opinion and expression (FoE)	2010
Limitations to the right to freedom of expression, safety and protection of journalists and media professionals in conflict zones, and right of access to information in situations of extreme poverty (A/HRC/11/4)	Special Rapporteur on the promotion and protection of the right to freedom of opinion and expression (FoE)	2009
Access to information, safety and protection of journalists and media professionals, legal restrictions on freedom of expression, and freedom of opinion and expression and the realization of other human Rights (A/HRC/7/14)	Special Rapporteur on the promotion and protection of the right to freedom of opinion and expression (FoE)	2008

Special Rapporteur on the situation of Human Rights Defenders (HRDs)

Title	Author	Year
Death threats and killings of human rights defenders	Special Rapporteur on the situation of Human Rights Defenders (HRDs)	2020
Impunity for human rights violations committed against human rights defenders	Special Rapporteur on the situation of Human Rights Defenders (HRDs)	2019
Selected groups of defenders at risk: journalists and media workers, defenders working on land and environment issues; and youth and student defenders	Special Rapporteur on the situation of Human Rights Defenders (HRDs)	2012
Violations committed against defenders by non-State actors	Special Rapporteur on the situation of Human Rights Defenders (HRDs)	2010

Special Rapporteur on extrajudicial, summary or arbitrary executions

Title	Author	Year
Investigation, accountability and prevention of intentional state killings of human rights defenders, journalists and prominent dissidents)	Special Rapporteur on extrajudicial, summary or arbitrary executions	2019
Annex to the Report of the Special Rapporteur on extrajudicial, summary or arbitrary executions: Investigation into the unlawful death of Mr. Jamal Khashoggi	Special Rapporteur on extrajudicial, summary or arbitrary executions	2019
Protection of the right to life of journalists	Special Rapporteur on extrajudicial, summary or arbitrary executions	2012

Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences

Title	Author	Year
Violence against women journalists	Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences	2020
Report on online violence against women	Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences	2018

Joint declarations

Title	Author	Year
Joint statement on the Safety of Journalists on the occasion of the World Press Freedom Day 2022		2022
Joint declaration on freedom of expression and elections in the digital age of the (UN), the (OSCE) and the OAS) Special Rapporteurs.	the (UN), the (OSCE) and the OAS) Special Rapporteurs	2020
Twentieth Anniversary of the Joint Declaration: Challenges to Freedom of Expression in the Next Decade		2019
Joint Declaration on media independence and diversity in the digital age		2018
Joint Declaration on Freedom of Expression and “Fake News”, Disinformation and Propaganda		2017
United Nations and Inter–American Commission experts on freedom of expression today expressed their concern at measures taken by the interim Federal Government in Brazil		2016
High Time to Pull the Plug of Televised Reprisals Against Rights Defenders in Venezuela		2015
Joint declaration on freedom of expression and responses to conflict situations		2015
International Freedom of Expression Rapporteurs Urge Stronger Protection of Journalists Covering Conflicts		2014
Joint Declaration on Universality and the Right to Freedom of Expression		2014
Joint Declaration on Violence Against Journalists and Media Workers in the Context of Protests		2013
Joint Declaration on Surveillance Programs and their Impact on Freedom of Expression		2013
Joint Declaration on the Protection of Freedom of Expression and Diversity in the Digital Terrestrial Transition		2013
Joint Declaration on Crimes against Freedom of Expression		2012
UN and IACHR Special Rapporteurs for Freedom of Expression Joint Declaration about Free Speech on the Internet		2012
Joint Declaration on Freedom of Expression and the Internet		2011
Joint Statement On Wikileaks from the UN Special Rapporteur on the Promotion and Protection the Right to Freedom of Opinion and Expression and the Special Rapporteur for Freedom of Expression of the Inter–American Commission on Human Rights		2010
Tenth Anniversary Joint Declaration: Ten key challenges to freedom of expression in the next decade		2010
UN Special Rapporteurs for Freedom of Expression Joint Declaration on the Challenges to Freedom of Expression in the Next Decade		2010
Joint Statement on the Media and Elections		2009
Joint Declaration on Defamation of Religions, and Anti–Terrorism and Anti–Extremism Legislation		2008
Joint Declaration on Diversity in Broadcasting		2007
Joint Declaration On Publishing Confidential Information, Openness of National and International Public Bodies, Freedom of Expression and Cultural/Religious Tensions, and Impunity in Cases of Attacks Against Journalists		2006
UN Special Rapporteurs for Freedom of Expression Joint Declaration on International Mechanisms for Promoting Freedom of Expression		2006
The ACHPR Special Rapporteur for Freedom of Expression and the IACHR Special Rapporteur for Freedom of Expression joint declaration		2005
Joint Declaration on the Internet and on Anti–Terrorist Measures		2005
Joint Declaration on Access to Information and on Secrecy Legislation		2004
Joint Declaration On the regulation of the Media, On the Restrictions on Journalists, and On Investigating Corruption		2003
UN Special Rapporteurs for Freedom of Expression Joint Declaration on International Mechanisms for Promoting Freedom of Expression		2002
Joint Declaration on Freedom of Expression and the Administration of Justice, Commercialisation and Freedom of Expression, and Criminal Defamation		2002
Joint Declaration about Countering Terror, Broadcasting and The Internet		2001
Joint Declaration about Censorship by Killing and Defamation		2000
First Joint Declaration by the Rapporteurs for Freedom of Expression		1999

UNESCO Resolutions, Decisions, and Declarations on Safety of Journalists

General Conference Resolutions

Title	Author	Year
UNESCO Resolution 39 on Strengthening UNESCO leadership in the implementation of the UN Plan of Action adopted during the 39th General Conference	UNESCO	2017
UNESCO Resolution 53 adopted during the 36th General Conference	UNESCO	2011
Resolution 29 on the Condemnation of Violence against Journalists adopted during the 29th General Conference	UNESCO	1997

UNESCO Director–General’s Report on the Safety of Journalists and the Danger of Impunity

Title	Author	Year
UNESCO Director–General’s Report on the Safety of Journalists and the Danger of Impunity	UNESCO Director–General	2020
UNESCO Director–General’s Report on the Safety of Journalists and the Danger of Impunity	UNESCO Director–General	2018
UNESCO Director–General’s Report on the Safety of Journalists and the Danger of Impunity	UNESCO Director–General	2016
UNESCO Director–General’s Report on the Safety of Journalists and the Danger of Impunity	UNESCO Director–General	2014
UNESCO Director–General’s Report on the Safety of Journalists and the Danger of Impunity	UNESCO Director–General	2012
UNESCO Director–General’s Report on the Safety of Journalists and the Danger of Impunity	UNESCO Director–General	2010
UNESCO Director–General’s Report on the Safety of Journalists and the Danger of Impunity	UNESCO Director–General	2008

World Press Freedom Day Declarations

Title	Author	Year
Windhoek +30 Declaration		2021
UNESCO’s Riga Declaration on Better Reporting, Gender Equality and Media Safety in the Digital Age		2015
UNESCO’s San José Declaration on Securing Freedom of Expression in all Media		2013
UNESCO’s Carthage Declaration on press freedom and the Safety of Journalists		2012
UNESCO’s Medellin Declaration Securing the Safety of Journalists and Combatting Impunity		2007
Other WPFD Declarations		–

Universal Periodic Review (UPR)

Title	Author	Year
Universal Periodic Review (UPR) database		–
The Universal Periodic Review and its potential to foster freedom of expression, access to information and safety of journalists: guidelines for United Nations Country Teams	UNESCO	2021
Access to information: a new promise for sustainable development	UNESCO	2019

Other sources

Title	Author	Year
Global Pledge on Media Freedom	Media Freedom Coalition	2019
Toolkit on the Safety of Journalists for the Personnel of the Diplomatic Missions	Community of Democracies	2017
Paris Declaration	4th Global Summit of the Open Government Partnership	2016

Regional Standards

African Human Rights System

Title	Author	Year
African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights	African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights	1987
Declaration of principles on freedom of expression in Africa		2019
185 Resolution on the Safety of Journalists and Media Practitioners in Africa – ACHPR/Res.185(XLIX)11	African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights (ACHPR)	2011
221 Resolution on the Attacks against Journalists and Media Practitioners in Somalia – ACHPR/Res.221(LI	African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights (ACHPR)	2012
Resolution 468 on the Safety of Journalists and Media Practitioners in Africa–ACHPR/Res.468 (LXVII)	African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights (ACHPR)	2020
Special Rapporteur on freedom of expression and access to information	African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights (ACHPR)
Nairobi Declaration on National Mechanisms for Safety of Journalists	African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights (ACHPR)	2017
Addis Ababa resolution on the creation of an African Union working group on the safety of journalists and the issue of impunity in Africa	African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights (ACHPR)	2017

Inter-American Human Rights System

Title	Author	Year
Inter–American Democratic Charter		2011
Declaration of Principles on Freedom of Expression		2000
Background and Interpretation of the Declaration of Principles		2000
American Convention on Human Rights “Pact of San José. Costa Rica”		1969
American Declaration of the Rights and Duties of Man		1948
Resolution of the OAS General Assembly is a step forward for Freedom of expression and safety of journalists	General Assembly of the Organization of American States (OAS)	2017
Annual Reports	Special Rapporteur for Freedom of Expression of the Inter–American Commission on Human Rights (IACHR)	–
Country Reports	Special Rapporteur for Freedom of Expression of the Inter–American Commission on Human Rights (IACHR)
Women Journalists and Freedom of Expression Discrimination and gender-based violence faced by women journalists in the exercise of their profession	Special Rapporteur for Freedom of Expression of the Inter–American Commission on Human Rights (IACHR)	2008
Silenced Zones: Highly dangerous areas for the exercise of freedom of expression	Special Rapporteur for Freedom of Expression of the Inter–American Commission on Human Rights (IACHR)	2006
Violence Against Journalists and Media Workers: Inter-American Standards and National Practices on Prevention, Protection and Prosecution of Perpetrators	Special Rapporteur for Freedom of Expression of the Inter–American Commission on Human Rights (IACHR)	2013
Women and freedom of expression	Special Rapporteur for Freedom of Expression of the Inter–American Commission on Human Rights (IACHR)	1999
Decisions of the Inter–American Court of Human Rights	Inter–American Court of Human Rights	–
Jineth Bedoya and Other v Colombia	Inter–American Court of Human Rights	2021
Carvajal Carvajal v. Columbia	Inter–American Court of Human Rights	2018
Herzog et al. v Brazil	Inter–American Court of Human Rights	2018

Council of Europe

Title	Author	Year
Final Declaration Resolution on freedom of expression and digital technologies Resolution on the safety of journalists Resolution on the changing media and information environment Resolution on the impacts of the COVID–19 pandemic on freedom of expression	Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe	2021
Recommendation of the Committee of Ministers to Member States on the protection of journalism and safety of journalists and other media actors (CM/Rec(2016)4)	Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe	2016
Convention on preventing and combating violence against women and domestic violence (Istanbul Convention)	Council of Europe	2016

Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE)

Title	Author	Year
Safety of Female Journalists Online	OSCE	2020
OSCE project on the safety of female journalists online (#SOFJO)	OSCE	2020
Decision Nr. 3, Safety of Journalists	OSCE	2018
New challenges to freedom of expression: countering online abuse of female journalists	OSCE Representative on freedom of the media	2017
Amsterdam Recommendations. Freedom of the Media and the Internet	OSCE	2016
Defamation and Insult Laws in the OSCE Region: A Comparative Study	OSCE	–

European Union

Title	Author	Year
EU Human Rights Guidelines on Freedom of Expression Online and Offline	Council of the European Union	2014
EU Human Rights Guidelines on Freedom of Expression Online and Offline	Council of the European Union	2014
The EU Strategic Framework on Human Rights and Democracy		2012
Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union		2012
The EU Action Plan for Human Rights and Democracy (2020–2024)
EU Human Rights Guidelines on Human Rights Defenders		2008

More information

IFEX Explainers

Title	Author	Year
How the IACHR can bolster your advocacy work in the Americas	IFEX	2019
Open Government Partnership (OGP): Linking openness to freedom of expression	IFEX	2019
Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs): What role for freedom of expression?	IFEX	2019
The UPR: What it is, and how civil society can use it – and make it stronger	IFEX	2018
Keeping track of civil and political rights in your country: The UN Human Rights Committee	IFEX	2018
Women’s (in)equality and the media: Engaging with the UN Commission on the Status of Women	IFEX	2018
From special rapporteurs to expert working groups: the UN’s special procedures	IFEX	2018
The “Cre”: A UNESCO human rights tool you might not know about	IFEX	2018
Resolutions on journalists’ safety: How does the UN monitor their implementation?	IFEX	2017
How can UN resolutions make it safer to be a journalist?	IFEX	2017
What is the UN Plan of Action on the Safety of Journalists and the Issue of Impunity?	IFEX	2013
What you need to know about UNESCO’s report on journalists’ safety and impunity	IFEX	2017

A19 Resources

Title	Author	Year
The Global Expression Report 2019/2020	Article 19	2021
Girl, did you get home safely? care and safety for women in protests in Latin America	Article 19	2021
Ending Impunity Acting on UN Standards on the Safety of Journalists	Article 19	2019
Acting on UN Human Rights Council Resolution 33/2 on the Safety of Journalists	Article 19	2017

2. Research and reports

Safety of journalists is understood to be an important requirement for unhindered practice of journalism and freedom of expression. Despite this, unlike the issues of journalism and freedom of expression, journalists’ and social communicators’ safety has not been a very popular topic of academic research. For this reason, this hub focus on this specific research question.

2.1. Violence against Journalists

Title	Author	Year
Threats to media freedom in Europe – Annual Report 2021	International Press Institute (IPI)	2021
MFRR Monitoring Report: Press Freedom Under Strain in EU	Media Freedom Rapid Response (MFRR)	2021
H ow close should we get? Media and conflict	DW Akademie	2021
Safe. Strong. Viable. The symbiosis between media safety and media viability.	DW Akademie	2021
Advice on Promoting More Effective Investigations into Abuses Against Journalists	Independent High Level Panel of Legal Experts on Media Freedom	2020
Report on Providing Safe Refuge to Journalists at Risk. An International Bar Association Human Rights Institute Report	Independent High Level Panel of Legal Experts on Media Freedom	2020
A Pressing Concern: Protecting and Promoting Press Freedom by Strengthening Consular Support to Journalists at Risk	Independent High Level Panel of Legal Experts on Media Freedom	2020
Report on the Use of Targeted Sanctions to Protect Journalists	Independent High Level Panel of Legal Experts on Media Freedom	2020
Diagnóstico sobre funcionamiento del mecanismo	Oficina en México del Alto Comisionado de las Naciones Unidas para los Derechos Humanos a solicitud de la Subsecretaría de Derechos Humanos de la Secretaría de Gobernación	2019
Legal Responses to Online Harassment and Abuse of Journalists: Perspectives from Finland, France and Ireland	OSCE	2019
The safety of women journalists: Breaking the cycle of silence and violence	International Media Support (IMS)	2019
Newsroom Best Practices for Addressing Online Violence against Journalists	International Press Institute (IPI)	2019
Defending Journalism	International Media Support (IMS)	2017
International Declaration on the Protection of Journalists	International Media Support (IMS)	2016
El enfoque de género en la protección a defensoras de derechos humanos: Las experiencias de México y Honduras	Asociadas por lo justo (JASS) Centro por la Justicia y el Derecho Internacional (CEJIL) y Protection International (PI)	2016
Americas: The situation of State Protection mechanisms for Human Rights Defenders	Amnesty International	2012
Safeguarding Media Rights and Ending Impunity in Nepal	International Media Support (IMS)	2012
Impunidad deja expuestos a los periodistas hondureños	International Media Support (IMS)	2010
Between Radicalisation and Democratisation in an Unfolding Conflict: Media in Pakistan	International Media Support (IMS)	2009
Press Freedom in Mexico: The Shadow of Impunity and Violence	International Media Support (IMS)	2008
Columbia Global Freedom of Expression database	Columbia University	–

Academic Research on Safety of Journalists

Title	Author	Year
Final Report on Freedom of Expression and Protection of Journalistic Sources	International Legal Research Group on Freedom of Expression and the Protection of Journalistic Sources.	2016
Supporting Freedom of Expression: A Practical Guide to Developing Specialised Safety Mechanisms. UNESCO and Centre for Law and Democracy	Mendel, Toby	2016
Prevent and Punish: In search of solutions to fight violence against journalists. United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)	Bertoni, Eduardo	2016
Violence and Harassment against Women in the News Media: A Global Picture	International Women’s Media Foundation and the International News Safety Institute	2014
Institutional Design and Effectiveness of the Agencies Charged with Protecting Journalists and Investigating Crimes against the Press: Mexico, Colombia and Guatemala. Universidad de Palermo	Bertoni, Eduardo and Torres, Natalia	2012
Safety of Journalists Research Pack	Browne, Evie and Probert, Thomas (eds)	2012
Mexican Journalists: An Investigation of Their Emotional Health. Journal of Traumatic Stress. Vol. 25, Issue 4, pp. 480 – 483	Feinstein, Anthony	2012
Digital and Mobile Security for Mexican Journalists and Bloggers. A project of Freedom House and International Center for Journalists	Sierra, Jorge Luis	2012
Crimes and Punishment: The Killing of filipino Journalists. Asian Institute of Journalism and Communication (AIJC)	Rosario-Braid, Florangel, Maslog, Crispin C., Tuazon, Ramon R.	2012
The Initiative on Impunity and the Rule of Law – Safety and Protection of Journalists: A Responsibility for the World	Centre for Law, Justice and Journalism (CLJJ) at City University London and Centre for Freedom of the Media (CFOM), University of Sheffield	2011
Journalist in Armed Conflicts – Protection Measures in the International Humanitarian Law. Paper presented at the SGIR 7th Pan-European International Relations Conference, Stockholm	Farthofer, Hilde	2010
Le rôle des médias et l’accès des journalistes sur le terrain des hostilités : une garantie supplémentaire du respect du droit international humanitaire?. In: Les tiers aux conflits armés et la protection des populations civiles. Sorel, Jean-Marc and Fouchard, Isabelle (eds), pp. 85 – 106	Balguy-Gallois, Alexandre	2010
Le rôle des médias et l’accès des journalistes sur le terrain des hostilités : une garantie supplémentaire du respect du droit international humanitaire?. In: Les tiers aux conflits armés et la protection des populations civiles. Sorel, Jean-Marc and Fouchard, Isabelle (eds), pp. 85 – 106	Balguy-Gallois, Alexandre	2010
Impunity in Nepal – A Study of Excesses During the Transition. Center for Investigative Journalism (CIJ)	Bhattarai, Binod, Gaunle, Shiva Dhakal, Bimal Prasad, Bhuwan, K.C., Ganga, B.C. & Narayan Shah, Tula	2010
Are Foreign Correspondents Redundant? The Changing Face of International News. Challenges December 2010. Edited by Bundy, Colin, Gardam, Tim, Garton Ash, Timothy, Levy, David, Linnebank, Geert and Lloyd, John. Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism, University of Oxford	Sambrook, Richard	2010
Prosecuting War Crimes at Balibo Under Australian Law: The Killing of Five Journalists in East Timor by Indonesia. Sydney Law Review. Vol. 31, pp. 83 – 120	Saul, Ben	2009
The International Protection of Journalists in Armed Conflict and Other Violent Situations. Australian Journal of Human Rights. Vol. 14(1), pp. 99 – 140	Saul, Ben	2009
The Protection of Journalists in Armed Conflicts. In: German Yearbook of International Law. Vol. 51, pp. 289 – 320	Geiss, Robin	2008
Killing the Messenger: Report of the Global Inquiry By The International News Safety Institute Into the Protection of Journalists	International News Safety Institute	2007
Unspoken – Foreign Correspondents and Sexual Abuse. The Columbia Journalism Review	Matloff, Judith	2007
The protection of journalists and news media and personnel in armed conflict. International Review of the Red Cross. Vol. 86, No. 853. pp. 37 – 67	Balguy-Gallois, Alexandre	2004
Options for media development in Iraq	Jayasekera, Rohan	2004
The First Casualty: The War Correspondent as Hero and Myth-Maker from the Crimea to Iraq	Knightley, Phillip	2004
Two Murders and a Lie	Mari, Jean-Pail, Reporters Without Borders (RWB)	2004
Remaking the Pen Mightier Than the Sword: An Evaluation of the Growing Need for the International Protection of Journalists. In: Georgia Journal of International and Comparative Law. Vol. 30, pp. 505 – 542	Howard, Dylan	2002
The ICTY Prosecutor and the Review of the NATO Bombing Campaign against the Federal Republic of Yougoslavia, European Journal of International Law, Vol. 12, No. 3, pp. 503 – 529	Benvenuti, Paolo	2001
La protection des journalistes en mission périlleuse dans les zones de conflit armé	Boiton-Malherbe, Sylvie	1989
International Humanitarian Law and the Protection of Media Personnel. University of New South Wales Law Journal. Vol. 9, pp. 1 – 16	Kirby, Michael and Jackson, Lawrence J.	1986

UNESCO World Trends in Freedom of Expression and Media Development

Title	Author	Year
Safety of journalists covering protests: preserving freedom of the press during times of turmoil; Regional highlights, July – December 2020	UNESCO	2021
Letting the sun shine in: transparency and accountability in the digital age	UNESCO	2021
The right to information in times of crisis: access to information – saving lives, building trust, bringing hope!	UNESCO	2020
Safety of journalists covering protests: preserving freedom of the press during times of turmoil	UNESCO	2020
Journalism, press freedom and COVID–19	UNESCO	2020
Reporting facts: free from fear or favour	UNESCO	2020
Elections and media in digital times	UNESCO	2019
Access to information: a new promise for sustainable development	UNESCO	2019
Intensified attacks, new defences: developments in the fight to protect journalists and end impunity	UNESCO	2019
World trends in freedom of expression and media development: global report 2017/2018	UNESCO	2018

Regional overview

Title	Author	Year
World trends in freedom of expression and media development: regional overview of Africa 2017/2018	UNESCO	2018
World trends in freedom of expression and media development: regional overview of Arab States, 2017/2018	UNESCO	2018
World trends in freedom of expression and media development: regional overview of Asia Pacific, 2017/2018	UNESCO	2018
World trends in freedom of expression and media development: regional overview of Central and Eastern Europe 2017/2018	UNESCO	2018
World trends in freedom of expression and media development: regional overview of Latin America and the Caribbean 2017/2018	UNESCO	2018
World trends in freedom of expression and media development: regional overview of Western Europe and North America 2017/2018	UNESCO	2018

World Press Freedom Day. Journalism Safety Research Conferences

Title	Author	Year
5th World Press Freedom Day (WPFD) Academic Conference on the Safety of Journalists was	Organised by UNESCO, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Netherlands and Leiden University.	2020
4th Academic Conference on the Safety of Journalists	Organised by UNESCO, the Department of Journalism and Communication at Makerere University and the research group MEKK (media, war and conflict) at OsloMet University, in partnership with the University of Malaga and the University of Sheffield (Centre for Freedom of the Media) during World Press Freedom Day in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	2019
3rd World Press Freedom Day (WPFD) Paper presentations are available: World Press Freedom Day Research Conference on the Safety of Journalists. Ghana.
Conference on the Safety of Journalists	The conference was organized by UNESCO in collaboration with Hong Kong Baptist University during World Press Freedom Day in Jakarta, Indonesia	2017
The Research Conference	Organised by UNESCO and the UNESCO Chair at University of Gothenburg in collaboration with IAMCR, University of Sheffield, University of Helsinki and University of Tampere	2016

OsloMet

International Conference on the Safety of journalists

Title	Author	Year
Risk, Resistance, Resilience	OsloMet	2020
Safety of Journalists. Digital Safety	OsloMet	2019
The chilling, effects	OsloMet	2018
Covering Conflict and Sensitive Issues	OsloMet	2017

OsloMet Research

Title	Author	Year
Gendering War and Peace Reporting: Some Insights – Some Missing Links, International Clearinghouse on Children Nordicom	Berit von der Lippe and Rune Ottosen (eds.)	2016
Freedom of Expression and Media in Transition. Studies and Reflections in the Digital Age	Carlsson, Ulla	2016

2.2. Digital Safety

Title	Author	Year
“Online Violence against Women Journalists: A Global Snapshot of Incidence and Impacts”	UNESCO	2020
Protecting Journalism Sources in the Digital Age	UNESCO	2017
Building Digital Safety for Journalism – A survey of selected issues	UNESCO	2015

2.3. Gender and Protection of Journalists

Title	Author	Year
Sexual Harassment In The Media – Africa Report	Women in News (WIN)	2021
Status of Women in U.S. Media	Women’s Media Center	2021
Ser periodista en Twitter: violencia de género digital en América Latina	Lina Cuellar y Sandra Chaher	2020
Sexism’s toll on journalism	Reporters Without Borders (RWB)	2021
Online Violence against Women Journalists: A Global Snapshot of Incidence and Impacts	UNESCO	2020
Reporting on violence against women and girls: a handbook for journalists	UNESCO	2019
La grande conversation: manuel de lutte contre la violence à l’égard des femmes et des filles dans et à travers les médias	UNESCO	2019
All Things Being Equal: Gender Equality Guidelines from Public Service Media	European Broadcaster’s Union (EBU)	2019
Women Journalists and Online Harassment	University of Texas at Austin, Center for Media Engagement	2018
Women Journalists and Freedom of Expression	Inter-American Commission on Human Rights (IACHR) Special Rapporteur for Freedom of Expression	2018
IFJ Survey: two-thirds of women journalists suffered gender-based online attacks	International Federation of Journalists (IFJ)	2018
Attacks and Harassment. The Impact on Female Journalists and Their Reporting	International Women’s Media Foundation (IWMF) and Trollbusters	2018
Global Report on Status of Women in News Media	International Women’s Media Foundation	2018
Women Journalist’s Digital Security	ARTICLE 19 and Association of Media Women in Kenya	2016
Gendering War and Peace Reporting: Some Insights – Some Missing Links, International Clearinghouse on Children Nordicom	Berit von der Lippe and Rune Ottosen (eds.)	2016
Attacks on the Press: Gender and Media Freedom Worldwide	Committee to Protect Journalists (CPJ)	2016
Inside the News: Challenges and Aspirations of Women Journalists in Asia and the Pacific	UN Women	2015
“Inside the news: challenges and aspirations of women journalists in Asia and the Pacific	UNESCO	2015
Global Survey on Gender and Media: Preliminary Findings	UNESCO	2015
Media and Gender: A Scholarly Agenda for the Global Alliance on Media Gender	UNESCO	2014
Violence and Harassment Against Women in the News Media: A Global Picture	International News Safety Institute (INSI) and the International Women’s Media Foundation (IMWF)	2014
Global research project investigates violence against women journalists	International Women’s Media Foundation	2013
No Woman’s Land: On the Frontline with Female Reporters. International News Safety Institute	Hannah Storm and Helena Williams (eds.)	2012
Gender–Sensitive Indicators for Media. Framework of indicators to gauge gender sensitivity in media operations and content	UNESCO	2012
European Centre for Press and Media Freedom Women’s Reporting Point	European Centre for Press and Media Freedom	–
Gender Statistics Database	European Institute for Gender Equality (EIGE)	–

2.4 Research Agenda on Safety of Journalists, model courses and MOOCs

Research Agenda

Title	Author	Year
UNESCO’s Research Agenda on Safety of Journalists	UNESCO	2022

Model courses

Title	Author	Year
Training Resource Hub	Media Defense	2021
Human Rights Education for Legal Professionals (HELP) course on Protection and Safety of Journalists	Council of Europe	2020
SAFE Basic Training Curriculum	IREX	2018
Freedom of Expression and Public Order: Training Manual	UNESCO	2018
Legal Standards on Freedom of Expression: Toolkit for the Judiciary in Africa	UNESCO	2018
Model Course on Safety of Journalists – A Guide for Journalism Teachers in the Arab States developed in collaboration with the International Federation of Journalists for universities in the Arab region	UNESCO	2017
The James W. Foley Journalist Safety Guide	(James W. Foley Legacy Foundation	2016
Teaching Journalism for Sustainable Development: New Syllabi	UNESCO	2015
SaferJourno: Digital Security Resources for Media Trainers	Internews	2014
Model Curricula for Journalism Education: A Compendium of New Syllabi	UNESCO	2013
Civic Education for Media Professionals: A Training Manual	UNESCO	2009

MOOC

Title	Author	Year
How to report safely: Strategies for women journalists & their allies	Knight Center for Journalism in the Americas’ MOOC	–
MOOC Online Harassment: Strategies for Journalists’ Defense	UNESCO	–
MOOC for the judiciary in Africa on Freedom of Expression	UNESCO	–
MOOC for judicial actors on international standards on freedom of expression, access to information and the safety of journalists	UNESCO	–

3. Manuals and Guidelines

We are here to help. Stay current on the latest manuals and guidelines related with physical, psychosocial and digital safety of journalists and social communicators. Also you will find information about gender and safety and other resource hubs.

3.1. Physical safety, self-protection

Title	Author	Year
The UN and the Safety of Journalists Resource Kit for UN Staff by the UN Focal Points Network on Safety of Journalists	UNESCO	2021
Civil Unrest Resources	ACOS Alliance	2021
Media4democracy.eu Protecting the safety of journalists. Protecting Freedom of Expression. A Handbook for EU Delegations	Article 19, DW Akademie, European Partnership for Democracy,Free Press Unlimited, Particip (lead), Thomson Foundation	2020
Safety of Journalists Covering Protests – Preserving Freedom of the Press During Times of Civil Unrest	UNESCO	2020
Philippine Journalists’ Safety Guide	National Union of Journalists of the Philippines	2020
Physical Safety: Mitigating Sexual Violence	Committee to Protect Journalists (CPJ)	2019
Physical Safety: Solo Reporting	Committee to Protect Journalists (CPJ)	2019
Physical Safety: War Reporting	Committee to Protect Journalists (CPJ)	2019
Physical Safety: Natural Disasters and Extreme Weather	Committee to Protect Journalists (CPJ)	2018
Physical safety: Terrorist attacks	Committee to Protect Journalists (CPJ)	2018
Physical and digital safety: Civil disorder	Committee to Protect Journalists (CPJ)	2018
Face à la Montée des Risques en Période Électorale: Petit Manuel de Securité pour les Journalistes	Journaliste en Danger	2018
Safe + Secure Handbook	Doc Society	2017
Safety Net Manual: Guidelines for Journalists in Extraordinary or Emergency Situations	South East Europe Media Organization	2017
Workbook on Security: Practical Steps for Human Rights Defenders at Risk	Front Line Defenders	2016
The Holistic Security Manual	Front Line Defenders (FLD)	2016
Safety guide for journalists: a handbook for reporters in high-risk environments	Reporters without Borders (RWB) and UNESCO	2015
Defence Handbook for Journalists and Bloggers. On freedom of expression and freedom of informationprinciples in international law	Thomson Reuters Foundation et.al	2015
UNESCO Journalists’ Safety Indicators-National Level	UNESCO	2015
Applying UNESCO’s Journalists’ Safety Indicators (JSIs) – A Practical Guidebook to Assist Researchers	UNESCO	2015
GroundTruth: A Field Guide for Correspondents	The GroundTruth Project	2015
Reporting Atrocities: A Toolbox for Journalists Covering Violent Conflict and Atrocities	Small World News	2011
SpeakSafe: Media Workers’ Toolkit for Safer Online and Mobile Practices	Internews	2012
CPJ Journalist Security Guide – Covering the News in a dangerous and changing world	Frank Smyth, Committee to Protect Journalists (CPJ)	2012
Coaching Manual for Media Support during Elections	International Media Support, Media & Democracy Group and Réseau Liberté	2006
Media + Elections: An Elections Reporting Handbook	Ross Howard	2004
Reporting for Change: A Handbook for Local Journalists in Crisis Areas	Institute for War and Peace Reporting	2004
Live News: A Survival Guide for Journalists	International Federation of Journalists (IFJ)	2003
Charter for the Safety of Journalists Working in War Zones or Dangerous Areas	Reporters Without Borders (RWB)	2002
SAFE. Securing Access to Free expression	IREX Safe	–
The Field Guide to Security Training	Open News	–
Online Harassment Field Manual	Pen America	–
The Journalist’s Toolbox	Society for Professional Journalists	–
Security in–a–Box for human rights defenders and journalists	Tactical Technology Collective	–
Information Security for Journalists	Centre for Investigative Journalism (CIJ)	–

3.2 Psychosocial safety

Title	Author	Year
Dart Centre for Journalism and Trauma Resourses	Dart Centre for Journalism and Trauma	2022
Resources for Reporters Coping with Trauma	Global Investigative Journalism Network	2021
Leading Resilience: A Guide for Editors and Managers. Working with Freelancers Exposed to Trauma Working with	ACOS Alliance	2020
Philippine Journalists’ Safety Guide	National Union of Journalists of the Philippines	2020
Fear, trauma andlocal journalists:Cross-border lessons inpsychosocial support forjournalists	IMS	2019
How Journalists Can Protect Their Mental Health Before, During and After Assignments	IREX	2019
Psychological Safety: Online Harassment and How to Protect Your Mental Health	Committee to Protect Journalists (CPJ)	2019
Psychological Safety	Committee to Protect Journalists (CPJ)	2018
Safety Guide for Journalists: A Handbook for Reporters in High-Risk Environments	UNESCO and Reporters Without Borders	2017
Covering Trauma: Six Tips for Protecting Your Mental Health	Dart Center for Journalism and Trauma	2017
Journalism and Vicarious Trauma	First Draft	2017
Making Secondary Trauma a Primary Issue: A Study of Eyewitness Media and Vicarious Trauma on the Digital Frontline	Eyewitness Media Hub	2015
Reporting Atrocities: A Toolbox for Journalists Covering Violent Conflict and Atrocities	Internews	2014
Journalist Security Guide: Covering the News in a Dangerous and Changing World	Committee to Protect Journalists (CPJ)	2012
Healing the messenger: A journalist’s trauma booklet	IMS	2009
Resources for Wellbeing & Stress Management	Front Line Defenders	–
Coping with Emotional Impact on Online Harassment	International Press Institute	–

3.3. Digital safety

Title	Author	Year
Your smartphone and you: A handbook to modern mobile maintenance	Freedom of the Press Foundation	2022
GCA Cybersecurity Toolkit for Journalists	Global Cyber Alliance (GCA)	2022
Hostile Environment and First Aid Training (HEFAT) courses	International Women’s Media Foundation (IWMF)	2022
The New York Times Digital Security Education Hub	The New York Times	2022
Digital security training for activists and journalists	Totem	2022
CPJ Safety Advisory: Journalist targets of Pegasus spyware	Committee To Protect Journalists (CPJ)	2021
Training Resource Hub	Media Defence	2021
Philippine Journalists’ Safety Guide	National Union of Journalists of the Philippines	2020
Digital Security for Journalists Requires an Adaptable Toolkit	Grégoire Pouget, president and co–founder of Nothing2Hide	2020
Threat Check. Create your own digital safety plan	DW Akademie	2020
Threat modeling guideHow to identify digital risks in international development projects	DW Akademie	2020
Digital Safety Kit	Committee To Protect Journalists (CPJ)	2019
Eight Prevention Tips to Secure Your Mobile Phone	Freedom of Press Foundation	2019
Your Smartphone and You: A Handbook to Modern Mobile Maintenance	Freedom of Press Foundation	2019
A Cheat Sheet for Open Source Digital Security Options	Global Investigative Journalism Network	2019
6 Tips for Responding to Online Attacks Against Journalists	Global Investigative Journalism Network	2019
Guidelines to fight back collectively against online trolling of women journalists	International Federation of Journalists (IFJ)	2019
Measures for Newsrooms and Journalists to Address Online Harassment	International Press Institute	2019
Digital First Aid Kit	CIviCERT	2019
Dealing with Hate Campaigns: Toolkit for Journalists	Dart Center for Journalism and Trauma	2019
The Motherboard Guide to Not Getting Hacked	VICE	2018
Online Harassment Field Manual	Pen America	2018
Self-Doxing Guide	Access Now	2018
The Wired Guide to Digital Security	Wired	2017
Cyber Harassment Helpline	Digital Rights Foundation	2017
Protecting Journalism Sources in the Digital Age	UNESCO	2017
Journalists In Distress: Securing Your Digital Life	Canadian Journalists for Freedom of Expression	2017
Digital Security Guide	Centre for Law and Democracy (CLD) in collaboration with International Media Support (IMS), FOJO Media Institute and the Myanmar Press Council (MPC)	2017
A Guide to Staying Online if the Internet or Social Media Gets Blocked in Your Country	Quartz Africa	2017
Digital First Aid Kit	Digital Defenders Partnership et al.	2016
Flipcards	Me and my Shadow	2016
Security in a Box – Digital Security Tools and Tactics	Front Line Defenders & Tactical Tech
Cyber security training for journalists: Tips and tricks to keep your communications safe	Dmitri Vitaliev, European Federation of Journalists (EFJ) and the European Trade Union Institute (ETUI)	2015
Speak Up & Stay Safe(r): A Guide to Protecting Yourself from Online Harassment	Feminist Frequency	2015
Building digital safety for journalism: a survey of selected issues	UNESCO	2015
helpdesk.rsf.org	Reporters Without Borders (RWB)	2013
SpeakSafe: Media Workers’ Toolkit for Safer Online and Mobile Practices	Internews	2012
Guidelines for Talking to Friends and Loved Ones	Pen America	–
Online Harassment Field Guide	Pen America	–
A Journalist’s Resource for Safe and Ethical Reporting	Reporters Without Borders (RWB)	–
Online Harassment Resources	Iheartmob	–
Cybersecurity Toolkit for Journalists	Global Cyber Alliance	–
Measures for Newsrooms and Journalists to Address Online Harassment	International Press Institute (IPI)	–
Safety Repository	Money Trail	–
Explainers	Privacy International	–
C.O.A.C.H	Crash Override	–
Data Detox Kit	Tactical Tech	–
Journalists in Distress: Securing Your Digital Life	(Canadian Journalists for Free Expression	–
Privacy Analyser	Privacy.net	–
The Digital First Aid Kit	Digital Defenders Partnership and more than a dozen NGOs	–
Surveillance Self–Defense	Electronic Frontier Foundation	–
Digital Security Helpline	Access Now	–
TOTEM	Free Press Unlimited and Greenhost	–
Journalism Security Guide	Committee To Protect Journalists (CPJ)	Work on progress

3.4. Gender and safety

Title	Author	Year
Online Violence Response Hub	Coalition Against Online Violence	2021
The Chilling: global trends in online violence against women journalists; research discussion paper	Julie Posetti et al. ICFJ and UNESCO	2021
Sexual Harassment Toolkit	WAN-IFRA Women in News and City, University of London	2021
ICFJ-UNESCO Global Study: Online Violence Against Women Journalists	Julie Posetti et al. ICFJ and UNESCO	2020
Videos focus on legal remedies, protecting against emotional trauma	International Press Institute (IPI)	2020
OSCE Resource Guide on the Safety of Female Journalists Online for policy makers	Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE)	2020
(SOFJO) Safety of Women Journalists Online	Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE)	2020
ARTICLE 19’s policy briefing on Freedom of Expression and Women’s Equality)	Article 19	2020
ARTICLE 19’s policy briefing on Online Harassment and Abuse against Women Journalists and Major Social Media Platform	Article 19	2020
The Glass Room: Misinformation Edition	Tactical Tech	2020
Are women at higher risk to online scams? Online harassment statistics	Comparitech	2020
Psychological Safety: Online Harassment and How to Protect Your Mental Health	CPJ	2019
Safe Sisters Guide	Internews & Defend Defenders	2018
The Empowering Internet Safety Guide for Women	vpnMentor	2018
Sexual harassment in the media – A practical guide for employers & employees	Women in the News	2018
If You’re Being Harassed: 12-Step Approach	Press Forward	2018
The Complete Guide to Understanding and Dealing with Online Trolls	Ragen Chaistain	2018
UN experts urge Stats and companies to address online gender-based abuse but warn against censorship	UN Human Rights Office of the High Commissioner	2017
What if…? Safety Handbook for Women Journalists	UNESCO and the International Association of Women in Radio and Television (IAWRT)	2017
Let’s Talk: Personal Boundaries, Safety & Women in Journalism	The Dart Center for Journalism and Trauma	2017
New Challenges to Freedom of Expression: Countering Online Abuse of Female Journalists	Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) Representative on Freedom of the Media	2016
“Twitter Abuse: Women journalists get more threats”	BBC, Inside Europe Blog	2015
Speak Up & Stay Safe(r): A Guide to Protecting Yourself from Online Harassment	Feminist Frequency	2015
The Silencing Crime: Sexual Violence and Journalists,	Committee To Protect Journalists (CPJ)	2011
Safety Tips for Female Correspondents. How to minimize the risk of sexual assault while on the job	Judith Matloff, Columbia Journalism Review	2011
Measures for Newsrooms and Journalists to Address Online Harassment	International Press Institute	–
Campaign – against online abuse!	International Federation of Journalist (IFJ) Byte Back	–
CPJ security guide addendum on sexual-aggression	Committee To Protect Journalists (CPJ)
Online Harassment Field Manual	Pen America	–
Know Your Rights At Work	American Association of University Women (AAUW)	–
Online Security Guide for Every Woman	Diy Chayn	–
OnlineSOS Action Center	OnlineSOS	–
Support to human rights defenders under digital threat	Digital Defenders Partnership	–
Surveillance Self-Defense: tips, tools and how-tos for safer online communications	Electronic Frontier Foundation	–
Emergency Checklist for Digital Security	Hamara Internet	–
*HACKBLOSSOMA DIY Guide to Feminist Cybersecurity**	Noah Kelley	–
Speak Up & Stay Safe(r): A Guide to Protecting Yourself from Online Harassment	Feminist Frequency	–
Take Control of Technology to End Gender-Based Violence: Be Safe	Take Back the Tech	–

3.5. Other Resource hubs

Title	Author	Year
Civil Unrest Resources	Acos Alliance	2021
Media Defence’s Training Resource Hub	Media Defence	2021
The Ugandan Hub for Investigative Media (HIM)	African Centre For Media Excellence	2015
Trauma Management Resources	Acos Alliance, Dart Asia Pacific
Centre for Freedom of the Media (CFOM)	Journalism Safety Research Network	–
Global Freedom of Expression	Columbia University	–
Journalists’ Safety	Global Forum for Media Development	–
Resource Centre on Media Freedom in Europe	OBC TransEuropa	–
Digital Security	Rory Peck Trust	–
Safety	Free Press Unlimited	–
Online Violence Response Hub	Coalition against online violence	–